Spondylitis

Spondylitis, also known as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine, although other joints can also be involved. It leads to inflammation of the vertebrae, which can cause severe, chronic pain and discomfort. In advanced cases, spondylitis can result in the fusion of the vertebrae, leading to a loss of spinal mobility.

Chronic Back Pain: Persistent pain and stiffness in the lower back and hips, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Limited Mobility: Reduced flexibility and movement in the spine.
Fatigue: Chronic inflammation can lead to fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell.
Pain in Other Joints: Pain and swelling in other joints, such as the shoulders, knees, and ankles.
Postural Changes: In severe cases, the spine may become more curved, leading to a stooped posture.

Causes of Spondylitis

The exact cause of spondylitis is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to genetic factors. The presence of a gene called HLA-B27 is strongly associated with the condition. Environmental factors and infections may also play a role in triggering the disease in genetically predisposed individuals.

Diagnosis of Spondylitis

Medical History and Physical Examination: A thorough evaluation of symptoms, medical history, and physical examination to assess spinal mobility and areas of pain.
Imaging Tests: X-rays and MRI scans to detect inflammation and changes in the spine and joints.
Blood Tests: Tests to check for the presence of the HLA-B27 gene and markers of inflammation.